Turbine utilizing elastic motive fluids



Feb. 5, 1924.

E. SCHLUMPF TURBINE UTILIZING ELASTIC MOTIVE FLUIDS Filed March 2. 19222 Sheets-Sheet l Feb. 5, 1924.

E. scHLuMPF TURBINE UTILIZING ELASTIC MOTIVE FLUIDS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I wl III a II n \l c u vm d e 1 1 F Patented Feb. 5, i924.

marten s'rarss Parent meant EDWIN SCHLUMPF, OF ZURICH, SWITZERLAND,ASSIGNOR TO THE FIRM AKTIEN- GESELLSCHAFI DER MASCHINENFABRIKEN ESCHERWYSS & CIE, OF ZURICH,

SVTITZERLAND.

TURBINE UTILIZING ELASTIC IVIOTIVE FLUID$ Application filed March 2,1922. Serial No. 540,429.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, EDW N SGHLUMPF, a citizenof the Republic of Switzerland. residing at Zurich, Switzerland, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Turbines UtilizingElasticMotive' Fluids,

of which the following is a specification, reference being had thereinto the accompanying drawing. .0 The invention relates to a turbineutilizing elastic motive fluids andhaving at least one nozzle ringarranged within the turbine casing and adapted for the introduction ofthe motive fluid. I

Turbines are already known in which there are provided within theturbine casing ring-shaped nozzle members arranged concentrically to theturbine shaft. These members are preferably detachably secured to theturbine casing and are at the places at which they are secured to thelatter connected to a conduit supplying the motive fluid by means of anaperture provided in said casing. Further it hasv alreadybeen proposedto unite such nozzle members so as to form a complete closed ring and tofix the latter detachably, for instance by means of screw bolts, to theflange of thesupply conduit, said flange being screwed to the turbinecasing. These known arrangements present the disadvantages, that theindividual nozzle members or the complete ring respectively and thecasing. have to be machined separately whereby the machining at thepoints where said nozzle members are connected to the casin must be veryaccurate in order to avoid losses due to leakage. Such losses must becarefully avoided as the motive fluid leaking past the joints escapesdirectly into the atmosphere. If furthermore the nozzle members areunited to form a complete ring that is detachably connected to. theturbine casing, the assembling and particularly the dismantling ofthe-turbine is rendered diflicult and takes up much time. v

In order to avoid the above mentioned difficulties and to profit of theadvantages inherent to nozzle rings, such a ring, or a plurality ofringsin case more than one ring is used, is cast according to the presentinvention in one with the turbine casing. The fact that the ring and thecasing form one casting enables the distribution of the branches to beconnected up to the steam supply in any desired manner on thecircumference of the ring and to provide any suitable number of suchbranches. Thereby the nozzle segments proper may be arranged in anydesirable manner. The branches may be arranged tangentially. radially oraxially relatively to the ring without interfering thereby in any waywith the expansion of the ring in any direction. All these advantagescannot be attained when the rings or ring portions are screwed to thecasing as a subdivision of such ring portions or rings into segmentswould greatly increase the difliculties of their connection to thecorresponding steam supply branch. Thus the advantages intended to beattained by the provision of detachable rings, i. e., the possibility ofan unrestricted expansion of said rings and ring portions and theconvenient replacement of the ring parts would have to be abandonedagain.

Preferably the nozzle ring cast in one or integral with the turbinecasing may also be divided in the horizontal plane of division of theturbine. This division of the ring facilitates the assembling of theturbine.

In the joint of such a nozzle ring a tightening ring may be providedthat causes the free ends of the ring to be held together hesideseffecting a tightening of the joint.

Several constructional forms of the object of the present invention areshown by way of example on the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a section along line I-I of Fig. 2, and

Fig. 2 is a section along line 11-41 of Fig. 1 through a turbine casingwith an integral nozzle ring and showing a branch through which themotive fluid is suppled;

Fig. 3 is a section similar to that shown in Fig. 1 throu'gh a turbinecasing, the nozzle ring of which is subdivided into four chambers eachof which being provided with an inlet branch.

Fig. 4 shows a detail on an enlarged scale.

Fig. 5 is a section along line V-V of Fig. 6, and

Fig. 6 is a section along line VI-VI of Fig. 5 through a marine turbine.

Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section through the upper half of an engine setprovided with an astern turbine.

Referring to the constructional example illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, 1denotes a turbine casing which is divided into two parts along itshorizontal centre plane. To this casing 1 there is cast on at 2-2 a ring3, concentrically arranged to the turbine shaft, the latter being notshown in the drawings, the ring 3 serving for introducing the motivefluid to the nozzles 4 (Fig. 2) 5 denotes an inlet branch for the supplyof a motive fluid, said branch being integral with the ring. The ring 3is also divided in the horizontal centre plane of the turbine and in thejoint of the ring 3 a ring 6 (Fig. 4-) provided. The latter is screwedinto the lower half of the ring 3 and causes, besides ett'ecting atightening ot the joint. the free ends of the ring halves to be heldtogether.

The invention enables the making Off the ring 3 of cast iron instead ofsteel, as it has not to withstand the full admission pressure of themotive fluid but ,only the .qlitttrence between said pressure and thepressure of the steam leaving the nozzle 4. High tem peratures that maycause dangerous expansions of the turbine casing are not to be feared asthe difi'erences in temperature be tween the motive fluid and the casing1 ,are

compensated by the ring 3. With the arrangement illustrated, heat lossestowards the outside are restricted to a minimum amount as the heatradiating from the ring 3 is transmitted to the steam surrounding thelatter. As the ring 3 and the casing 1 are integral, they may easily beturned on a lathe or otherwise machined and the division of the ring '3in the horizontal plane enables a convenient assembling of the turbine.lVith the constructional .exan'iple illustrated in Fig. 3 the nozzlering form- ,ing an integral casting with the casing 1 is, for instance,subdivided into four segments that may be distributed anyhow. A branch7, also integral with the casing 1, provided in connection with eachsegment. The ring 3 is also with this constructional exampledivided ,inthe horizontal plane of division of the casing 1.

The exemplification ot the invention illus- .trated in Figs. 5 and 6shows a marine .tur-

.bine in which live steam is introduced into an intermediate stage.NVith this turbine two nozzle rings 8 and ,9 are provided both of whichare integral with the turbine casing 10 which is composed of severalparts. The ring 9 serves .to supply live steam to an intermediate stagein order to attain aylarger output during a forced running. The ring 9,as may be seen in Fig. 6, is subdivided into six segments which areseparated from each other and are of different size. To each of thesesegments steam is supplied :by means of a separate branch. The rings .8,9 are also divided in the horizontal centre plane of the turbine.

The object of the invention may also he used with engine-setshavihgasternturbines Fig. 7 illustrates a construction of this type, in whichFigure denotes the ahead turbine and Ql'the astern turbine. Each of saidturbines which have an exhaust space 22 common to both is provided witha nozzle ring 23 and 2a respectively which are integral with therespective casing. In this case the ring integral with the casing servesto compensate in an advantageous manner the great differences betweenthe pressure and temperature in the condenser and the inlet pressure andtemperature when the astern turbine 21 is set to work suddenly, so that,in contradistinction to the hitherto known constructions, the casing ofthe astern turbineis not endangered by said differences in pressures andtemperatures.

I claim:

1. In a turbine utilizing elastic motive fluids, a casing enclosing atleast one runnerwheel chamber, at least one nozzle ring arranged withinthe casing, and branches for the admission of motive fluid to the nozzlering, said branches being cast in one piece with the casing Zlll il thenozzle ring and forming the only connecting part between these twobodies, the nozzle ring beingotherwise surrounded by the motive fluidcontained in said runner-wheel chamber.

2. In a turbine utilizing elastic motive fluids, a casing enclosing atleast ,one runnerwhee-l chamber and divided in the horizontal centreplane, at least ,one nozzle ring arranged within the casingand dividedin said horizontal plane of division of the casing, and branchesfor theadmission of motive fluid to the nozzle ring, said branches being castin one .piece with the casing and forming the only connecting partbetween casing and nozzle ring, the latter being otherwise surrounded,by the motive fluid contained in said runner-wheel chamber.

3. In a turbine utilizing elastic motive fluids, a asing ienclosingatleast one runnerwheel chamber anddivided in the horizontal centre plane,at "least one nozzle ring arranged within the casing and divided in saidhorizontal plane of division of the casing, branches for the admissionof motive fluid to the nozzle ring, said branches being cast in onepiece with thecasing and forming the only connecting part between casingand nozzle ring, the latter being otherwise surrounded by the motivefluid contained in said runnerwh'eel chamber, and a packing ringprovided in the joints of the nozzle ring and adapted to effect atightening of the joint and to hold together "the free ends of saidnozzle ring;

4. In a turbine utilizing elastic motive fluids, a casing enclosingrunner-wheelchamhers, nozzle rings arranged within the easing, andseries of branches for the admission of motive fluid to the nozzlerings, each such series being cast in one piece with one of the nozzlerings and forming the only connecting part between said ring and thecasing, the nozzle rings supplying motivefluid to different pressurestages of the turbine being otherwise surrounded by the motive fluidcontained in said runner-wheel chambers.

5. In a turbine utilizing elastic motive fluids, a casing enclosingrunner-wheel chambers and divided in the horizontal centre plane, nozzlerings arranged within the casing and each divided in said horizontalplane of division of the casing, series of branches for the admission ofmotive fluid to the nozzle rings, each such series being cast in onepiece with one of the nozzle rings and forming the only connecting partbe- 20 tween said ring and the casing, the nozzle rings supplying motivefluid to difi'erent pressure stages being otherwise surrounded by themotive fluid contained in the immediately followin runner-wheel chamber,and a packing ring provided in the joints of each nozzle ring andadapted to efiect a tightening of said joint and to hold together thefree ends of the nozzle ring.

6. In a steam turbine, a casing section for inclosing at least onerunner wheel chamber, at least one nozzle ring in said section, a steamadmission branch connecting said section and ring, said ring connectionand section cast in a single piece and said ring spaced from saidsection, steam issuing from the section being capable of surroundingsaid ring.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

EDWIN SGHLUMPF.

